Disability Services

Results: 72

• Accessibility Information (1)
  TJ-0500

  Accessibility Information

  TJ-0500
  
  Programs that provide information about the accessibility of parks, airports, public buildings and other facilities for use by people who have restricted mobility. Also included are programs that provide general information about accessibility in home, work and community settings.
• Activities of Daily Living Assessment (1)
  LF-0100

  Activities of Daily Living Assessment

  LF-0100
  
  Programs that evaluate an individual's capacity for self-care and his or her ability to function independently in the context of everyday living and which, where necessary, may recommend rehabilitative services (e.g., independent living skills instruction), supportive services (e.g., attendant care, personal care or home health care), or an alternative residential setting (e.g., an assisted living center or nursing facility). Activities of daily living include bathing, eating, dressing, mobility, transferring from bed to chair and using the toilet. Most assessments also include instrumental activities of daily living such as using the telephone, taking medication, money management, housework, meal preparation, laundry and grocery shopping. Evaluation services are generally provided for individuals who have physical and/or mental limitations or for people whose age may constitute a temporary (children) or developing (elderly) limitation.
• Alzheimer's Disease (18)
  YF-3000.0440

  Alzheimer's Disease

  YF-3000.0440
  
  An age-related, non-reversible brain disorder that develops over a period of years. Initially, people experience memory loss and confusion, which may be mistaken for the kinds of memory changes that are sometimes associated with normal aging. The symptoms gradually lead to behavior and personality changes, a decline in cognitive abilities such as decision-making and language skills and problems recognizing family and friends; and ultimately to a severe loss of mental function. Alzheimer's disease is one of a group of disorders called dementias that are characterized by cognitive and behavioral problems. It is the most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older.
• American Sign Language Instruction (1)
  LR-8000.0500-800.05

  American Sign Language Instruction

  LR-8000.0500-800.05
  
  Programs that teach individuals with hearing impairments and others who have an interest to communicate using American Sign Language (ASL), a visual/manual communication system with its own syntax and vocabulary. ASL uses a combination of hand and body movements to represent words, ideas, objects, actions and other concepts; and is recognized as a true language in its own right. It is used extensively in the deaf community and is taught as the person's primary language with English as a second language. Also included are programs that teach preverbal infants and toddlers to use ASL as a way of communicating their needs.
• Applied Behavioral Analysis (2)
  LR-0450.0500

  Applied Behavioral Analysis

  LR-0450.0500
  
  Programs that offer therapeutic interventions for children and adults with autism spectrum disorders that are based on the theory of applied behavior analysis that behavior rewarded is more likely to be repeated than behavior ignored. The therapy is designed to teach skills, from basic ones such as sleeping and dressing to more involved ones such as social interaction, but is also used to correct inappropriate repetitive, aggressive and/or dangerous behaviors that are associated with autism. Skills are broken down into small steps and taught one simple step at a time. When a task has been successfully completed, a reward is offered, reinforcing the behavior or task. Also available are intensive ABA programs in which children and adults with autism may work for 30 to 40 hours a week, one-on-one with a trained professional.
• Assistive Technology Equipment Provision Options (13)
  LH-0650

  Assistive Technology Equipment Provision Options

  LH-0650
  
  Programs that provide access to cognitive/learning aids, control and signaling aids, daily living aids, hearing augmentation aids, mobility aids, prosthetic/orthotic/seating devices, recreational aids, speech aids and/or visual/reading aids on a custom design, loan, rental, sale or resale basis; which provide immediate cash or loans to help people who have insufficient resources to acquire the equipment they need; which modify commercial products to fit an individual's specific needs; or which repair equipment that is broken.
• Assistive Technology Information (4)
  LH-2700.0500

  Assistive Technology Information

  LH-2700.0500
  
  Programs that provide information about cognitive/learning aids, control and signaling aids, daily living aids, hearing augmentation aids, mobility aids, prosthetic/orthotic/seating devices, recreational aids, speech aids, and/or visual/reading aids which enables potential users to evaluate their alternatives and make informed choices.
• Assistive Technology Training (6)
  LH-2700.0600

  Assistive Technology Training

  LH-2700.0600
  
  Programs that provide training for individuals who have physical or sensory limitations and/or for their caregivers which focuses on the care and utilization of the particular type of assistive technology product they require and changes the devices might require in their lives. Assistive technology training may deal with cognitive/learning aids, computer access aids, assistive technology software, control and signaling aids, daily living aids, hearing augmentation aids, mobility aids, prosthetic/orthotic/seating devices, recreational aids, speech aids and/or visual aids.
• Attendant Services for People With Disabilities (11)
  PH-0500

  Attendant Services for People With Disabilities

  PH-0500
  
  Programs that provide support for individuals with disabilities who need assistance with routine activities in or outside their homes.
• Audiological Evaluations (3)
  LR-8000.0500-030

  Audiological Evaluations

  LR-8000.0500-030
  
  Programs that establish the nature and extent of an individual's hearing loss in order to devise an appropriate treatment plan. Evaluations may include pure tone and speech audiometry which measure hearing in terms of reception of calibrated test tones or spoken words which are presented at controlled levels of intensity; impedence tests which measure the integrity of the middle ear system and rule out conductive pathology; and auditory brain stem tests which utilize equipment similar to an EKG to measure neurological activity in response to auditory stimuli.
• Auditory Integration Training (1)
  LR-0450.0550

  Auditory Integration Training

  LR-0450.0550
  
  Programs that offer auditory integration training (AIT), a noninvasive therapeutic technique which helps people to hear all frequencies more evenly, improve their ability to process auditory input, and decrease hyper or hypo-sensitivity to specific environmental or speech sounds. Children attend two 30-minute sessions per day for a 10- to 12-day period and listen through headphones to music that has been altered by a filtering apparatus to emphasize some tones and reduce the intensity of others. The treatment is modified to suit individual needs as determined by special auditory testing. The technique was developed by Dr. Guy Berard, an otolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat specialist) in Annecy, France. It is used primarily for individuals with autism spectrum disorders but on occasion it has been used to treat people with behavioral disorders and other types of disabilities. Also included are other types of AIT such as Tomatis, The Listening Program and Integrated Listening Systems (iLs).
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (36)
  YF-1800.0400

  Autism Spectrum Disorder

  YF-1800.0400
  
  A developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior, and includes symptoms that impair the individual's ability to function properly in school, work and other areas of life. Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is said to be a "developmental disorder" because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life. Autism is also known as a "spectrum" disorder because there is wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience. People with ASD have difficulty with social communication and interaction (e.g. lack of eye contact, voice tones that sound sing-song or robotic, facial expressions or gestures that don't match what is being said), restricted interests (e.g., intense interest in numbers, details, facts), restrictive/repetitive behavior (e.g., repeating words or phrases, getting upset at changes in routine or sensory input such as light or noise). People with ASD may also experience sleep problems or irritability, but also have many strengths including the ability to learn things in detail and remember information for long periods of time; being strong visual and auditory learners; and excelling in math, science, music or art. But although ASD can be a lifelong disorder and while children who have ASD have difficulty in talking, playing with other children, and relating to others, including their own family, treatment and services can improve their symptoms and ability to function.
• Automobile/Van Adaptations (2)
  LH-0600.0100

  Automobile/Van Adaptations

  LH-0600.0100
  
  Programs that pay for or provide automobiles or vans which have ramps or wheelchair lifts, or seats or steering, signaling, gear shift and braking controls that have been modified for use by people who have disabilities; or that help these individuals to obtain this type of modification for their own vehicles. Also included are organizations that offer devices to facilitate the operation of specific functions within the vehicle such as car door openers, car door reachers, gas cap openers, seating restraints, especially designed rear view mirrors and other accessories which can be installed in or used with automobiles or vans.
• Barrier Free Home Rental Listings (3)
  BH-3900.3050-100

  Barrier Free Home Rental Listings

  BH-3900.3050-100
  
  Programs that maintain lists of available wheelchair-accessible rental homes or apartments for review by people with disabilities in search of housing. Included is information that is available online, in print or in other formats.
• Braille Instruction (4)
  LR-1000

  Braille Instruction

  LR-1000
  
  Programs that teach people who are blind and other interested individuals to read and write using Braille, a system that uses raised dots to represent numerals and letters of the alphabet which can be identified by the fingers.
• Caregiver Consultation and Support (5)
  PH-0780

  Caregiver Consultation and Support

  PH-0780
  
  Programs that provide information, guidance and assistance that supports the ability of family members and other informal caregivers to make decisions and solve problems relating to their caregiving role. The service helps the caregiver find practical solutions to concerns about the health and wellbeing of the care recipient; and may be provided via an advice line or an online chat service as well as in in-person settings.
• Caregivers (19)
  YD

  Caregivers

  YD
  
  Professionals, paraprofessionals and/or family members or friends who assume responsibility for attending to the daily needs of individuals who are temporarily or permanently unable to completely care for themselves due to general frailty; illnesses, injuries or progressively debilitating conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or mental illness; or other incapacitating problems.
• Cerebral Palsy (34)
  YF-1800.1500

  Cerebral Palsy

  YF-1800.1500
  
  A central nervous system impairment that is characterized by an inability to fully control motor function and, depending on the area of the brain that has been damaged, by one or more of the following: spasms; tonal problems; involuntary movement; disturbances in gait and mobility; seizures; abnormal sensation and perception; impairment of sight, hearing or speech; and intellectual disabilities. There are three main types of cerebral palsy: spastic CP, which is characterized by stiff and difficult movement; athetoid CP (also called dyskinetic CP), which is characterized by involuntary and uncontrolled movement; and mixed CP, which is characterized by a combination of symptoms. Some muscles are too tight, and others are too loose, creating a mix of stiffness and involuntary movements. The causes of cerebral palsy include illness during pregnancy, premature delivery and lack of oxygen supply to the baby. In rare cases of acquired cerebral palsy, head injury is the most common cause.
• Child Health and Disability Prevention Exams (49)
  LF-7000.1600

  Child Health and Disability Prevention Exams

  LF-7000.1600
  
  Health care providers that offer the Child Health and Disability Prevention Program, a health assessment and treatment program for low-income children and youth through age 21 that is designed to assure early detection, diagnosis and treatment of diseases or impairments which might adversely affect the individual's growth and development. CHDP exams generally include a complete physical examination; a dental assessment; a nutritional assessment; vision and hearing screening; immunizations; urine, blood and tuberculosis screening tests; specialized laboratory tests, as needed; and health education on topics such as tobacco use prevention, lead poisoning prevention and other issues pertaining to child health.
• Comprehensive Disability Related Employment Programs (1)
  ND-6500.1500

  Comprehensive Disability Related Employment Programs

  ND-6500.1500
  
  Programs broadly available to individuals with disabilities in general (rather than focusing on special groups within the disability population) that provide vocational assessment, job development, job training, job placement, specialized job situations and/or other supportive services that help people with disabilities prepare for, find and retain paid employment.
• Computer Access Aids (6)
  LH-0600.1550

  Computer Access Aids

  LH-0600.1550
  
  Programs that pay for or provide hardware and software products that enable individuals with disabilities to access, interact with and use computers at home, at work or in school. Access aids include scanners partnered with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software which converts handwritten or printed text to an electronic document that can be read by a screen reader; Braille translation software combined with Braille printers for translating text to Braille cells; keyboards driven by a head pointer, mouth stick, Sip-and-Puff, Joystick or eye-gaze tracking systems; large monitors; text-to-speech software which allows users to hear what is written in print; speech recognition software to convert a use's spoken words to printed text; screen magnification software for zoom capabilities; and smart home technology software which controls the home environment (turning lights or the on/off or unlocking doors through a mobile device or voice command).
• Dementia (16)
  YF-3000.2380

  Dementia

  YF-3000.2380
  
  An acquired reduction in mental capacity that is characterized by impairment of memory, judgment and intellectual functioning which is often accompanied by behavioral disturbances.
• Developmental Disabilities (31)
  YF-1800

  Developmental Disabilities

  YF-1800
  
  A severe, chronic disability that is attributable to a cognitive, neurological or physical impairment or a combination of cognitive, neurological and physical impairments; that is manifested during the developmental period (prior to age 22); that is likely to continue indefinitely; and that results in substantial functional limitations in three or more areas of major life activity including self-care, receptive and expressive language, learning, mobility, self-direction, capacity for independent living, and economic self-sufficiency.
• Developmental Disabilities Day Habilitation Programs (20)
  LR-3100.1800

  Developmental Disabilities Day Habilitation Programs

  LR-3100.1800
  
  Community-based programs that provide long-term personal and social development opportunities within a structured environment for individuals with developmental disabilities who are unable to function independently in social, recreational or employment settings. Services are available on an hourly or daily basis and may include daily living skills instruction, basic education, recreational and social activities, exercises to improve coordination and other forms of developmental support which help participants develop and maintain the functional skills that are required for community involvement, self-advocacy, self-care and employment, if possible.
• Developmental Screening (5)
  LF-7000.1730

  Developmental Screening

  LF-7000.1730
  
  Programs that offer a procedure that is designed to identify children who should receive more intensive assessment or diagnosis for potential developmental delays. Screening tools can be specific to a disorder (e.g., autism), an area (e.g., cognitive development, language, or gross motor skills), or they may be general, encompassing multiple areas of concern; and rely heavily on parent observation. They do not provide conclusive evidence of developmental delays and do not result in diagnoses. A positive screening result should be followed by a thorough assessment. The goal of developmental screening is to allow for earlier detection of delays in order to improve child health and well-being for identified children.
• Disability Awareness Training (4)
  PH-6200.1850

  Disability Awareness Training

  PH-6200.1850
  
  Programs that offer workshops, discussion groups, activities and other types of training that sensitize participants to people with disabilities or others with visible differences such as scarring that set them apart from their peers, help them experience what it is like to have a disability, and share techniques for positive communication and interaction with people who have disabilities.
• Disability Related Center Based Employment (12)
  ND-6500.1800

  Disability Related Center Based Employment

  ND-6500.1800
  
  Programs that provide opportunities for individuals with disabilities to learn and practice work skills in a separate and supported environment. Participants may be involved in the program on a transitional or ongoing basis, and are paid for their work, generally under a piecework arrangement. The nature of the work and the types of disabilities represented in the workforce vary widely by program and by the area in which the organization is located. Individuals participate in center-based employment for a variety of reasons including severity of disability, need for additional training or experience, need for a protected environment and/or lack of availability of community-based employment.
• Disease/Disability Information (42)
  LH-2700.1700

  Disease/Disability Information

  LH-2700.1700
  
  Programs that provide information about the causes and origins, preventive measures, symptoms, screening/diagnostic procedures, and/or methods of treatment or management including the latest research for specific illnesses or disabling conditions.
• Down Syndrome (2)
  YF-3000.2560

  Down Syndrome

  YF-3000.2560
  
  A variety of congenital intellectual disability that is marked by sloping forehead, presence of epicanthal folds, gray or very light yellow spots at the periphery of the iris, short broad hands with a single palmar crease, a flat nose or absent bridge, low-set ears and generally dwarfed physique.
• Early Intervention for Children With Disabilities/Delays (18)
  LR-1700

  Early Intervention for Children With Disabilities/Delays

  LR-1700
  
  Programs that identify infants, toddlers and in some cases, preschoolers who show evidence of or are at risk for lags in physical development, cognitive development, language and speech development, psychosocial development or self-help skills, and provide or coordinate the delivery of an enrichment program in order to minimize the potential for a developmental delay and to meet their current developmental needs. The program may include early identification activities (child find); a developmental evaluation; a review of family concerns, priorities and resources; meetings with the family to develop an individualized family service plan; service coordination to ensure that the individual and his or her family receive needed services which may include but are not limited to physical therapy, occupational therapy, audiology, health/medical services, nursing services, nutrition services, psychological services including specialized play groups or therapy sessions, counseling, speech and language assistance, special instructional services, transportation, and parenting skills development; and ongoing evaluation of the child's progress and his or her changing enrichment needs. Included are "birth to three" programs and federal, state or local programs that address the needs of slightly older children or children not otherwise eligible for "birth to three" programs.
• E-Book Readers (10)
  BM-5050.1900

  E-Book Readers

  BM-5050.1900
  
  Programs that pay for or provide portable electronic devices that are designed primarily for the purpose of allowing sighted users to read digital books and periodicals, and use e-ink technology to display content to readers. Included are models that use voice synthesizer technology to voice the text aloud.
• Escort Programs (6)
  PH-2200

  Escort Programs

  PH-2200
  
  Programs that accompany people who have limited mobility, cognitive impairments or other problems to specified local destinations and provide assistance which may include transportation or driving services, assisting the individual to enter and leave the vehicle and buildings, carrying packages, helping the person deal with other challenges and/or providing emotional support. Escort programs may assist older adults and people with disabilities, people who have AIDS or fear they have contracted the HIV virus, and others who need emotional and/or physical support; and may have limitations regarding the types of trips that qualify for this service.
• Evaluation for Assistive Technology (5)
  LF-4900.1900

  Evaluation for Assistive Technology

  LF-4900.1900
  
  Programs that assess the current ability to function of people who have disabilities and prescribe or recommend the most appropriate assistive technology product to meet their individual needs including communication/learning aids, control and signaling aids, daily living aids, hearing augmentation aids, mobility aids, prosthetic/orthotic/seating devices, recreational aids, speech aids and/or visual/reading aids.
• Floor Time (1)
  LR-0450.2000

  Floor Time

  LR-0450.2000
  
  Programs that offer Floor Time, a therapeutic intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders developed by Stanley Greenspan that is much like play therapy in that it builds an increasingly larger circle of interaction between a child and an adult in a developmentally-based sequence. Greenspan describes six stages of emotional development that children meet to develop a foundation for more advanced learning, a developmental ladder that children with autism may have difficulty climbing. Through the use of Floor Time, parents and educators can follow the child's lead and build on what the child does to encourage more interactions. Floor Time does not treat the child with autism in separate pieces for speech development or motor development but rather addresses the child's emotional development. It is frequently used for a child's daily playtime in conjunction with other methods.
• Functional Disabilities (2)
  YF-2200

  Functional Disabilities

  YF-2200
  
  Physical, mental or developmental disabilities that pose substantial barriers to an individual's ability to maintain independent living and which place the individual at risk of institutionalization without varying degrees of community support or which may leave no other choice than institutionalization.
• Hearing Aid Evaluations (2)
  LF-4900.2145

  Hearing Aid Evaluations

  LF-4900.2145
  
  Programs that determine the proper amplification equipment for individuals who have hearing impairments and/or which evaluate the adequacy of present equipment.
• Home Barrier Evaluation/Removal Services (3)
  BH-3000.3500

  Home Barrier Evaluation/Removal Services

  BH-3000.3500
  
  Programs that provide assistance in the form of labor and supplies for people with disabilities who need to install ramps, elevators, stair glides or lifts; widen doorways; install grab bars in showers and bathrooms; lower kitchen and other cabinets; or make other modifications in their homes or apartments to make them accessible. Also included are programs that assess the accessibility of homes and apartments of people who have disabilities and make recommendations regarding necessary modifications.
• Homemaker Assistance (12)
  PH-3300.3000

  Homemaker Assistance

  PH-3300.3000
  
  Programs that offer the services of trained homemakers who go into the homes of families whose routines have been disrupted by long or short-term illness, disability or other problems, and assume responsibility for routine household activities including menu planning, budgeting, shopping, child care, meal preparation, laundry and general household management including light housekeeping.
• Housekeeping Assistance (7)
  PH-3300.3100

  Housekeeping Assistance

  PH-3300.3100
  
  Programs that offer the services of workers who go into people's homes and help with house cleaning chores.
• In Home Developmental Disabilities Habilitation Programs (2)
  LR-3100.3300

  In Home Developmental Disabilities Habilitation Programs

  LR-3100.3300
  
  Programs that provide habilitation services whose goal is to help individuals with developmental disabilities who reside within the family home achieve maximum independence, integration, individualization and productivity in both home and community settings. Habilitation services include therapeutic activities, assistance, training, supervision and monitoring in the areas of self-care, sensory and motor development, interpersonal skills, communication, socialization, health care, leisure and recreation, money management, household chores and other self-help, socialization and adaptive skills necessary to reside successfully in the community.
• In Home Hair and Nail Care (1)
  PH-3300.3180

  In Home Hair and Nail Care

  PH-3300.3180
  
  Programs that offer the services of beauticians and/or barbers who are willing to provide services in the homes of elderly individuals, people with a disability and others who need to have their hair or nails done and are unable to go to a beauty parlor for attention. Services may include hair coloring treatment, permanent waves, hair cuts, shaves, wash and sets, manicures and pedicures. Also included are programs that provide this service for people who are hospitalized or in another institutional setting.
• In Home Meal Preparation (7)
  PH-3300.3220

  In Home Meal Preparation

  PH-3300.3220
  
  Programs that offer the services of homemakers who prepare and serve meals in the homes of frail elderly individuals, people with a disability or others who are unable to prepare their own food or leave their homes to travel to a site where a congregate meal is being served.
• In Home Respite Care (21)
  PH-7000.3300

  In Home Respite Care

  PH-7000.3300
  
  Programs that provide a brief period of rest or relief for family members, guardians or others who are regular caregivers for children and/or dependent adults by offering temporary or intermittent care for the individual(s) in their own home.
• Intellectual Disabilities (33)
  YF-1800.5000

  Intellectual Disabilities

  YF-1800.5000
  
  A condition in which individuals exhibit a range of sub-average intellectual functioning concurrently with adaptive behavior deficits which are manifested during the developmental period and which adversely affect educational performance. (Adaptive behavior is measured by the effectiveness with which or the degree to which the individual is able to meet the standards of personal independence and social responsibility that are expected for the person's age and cultural group).
• Language Therapy (1)
  LR-8000.8000-450

  Language Therapy

  LR-8000.8000-450
  
  Programs that offer individual or group therapy sessions to assist people who have receptive or expressive language difficulties. Sessions usually focus on concept development, word sequencing (syntax), and word choice (vocabulary) as well as on the development or improvement of listening skills.
• Medicaid Planning (1)
  LH-4000.5000

  Medicaid Planning

  LH-4000.5000
  
  Programs that provide information for people who need to understand the options that are legally available to help them protect the assets of a spouse or child with a disability when a family member has a catastrophic illness and needs to have access to Medicaid to meet the expenses. Planning techniques may include spending down assets (e.g. purchasing an automobile or paying off the mortgage on a home), paying family members to provide care for the individual, separating a couple's assets to ensure that the healthy spouse does not become impoverished, transferring assets within legal timeframes, establishing joint tenancy accounts, purchasing annuities and other similar actions.
• Memory Screening (1)
  LF-4900.5000

  Memory Screening

  LF-4900.5000
  
  Programs that offer simple tests for the early detection of mild memory problems that may not be associated with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias. The screenings are generally confidential and involve completion of a questionnaire and a short memory test. People who exhibit cognitive and behavioral problems beyond those associated with normal aging may be referred for neuropsychological testing.
• Mobility Aids (11)
  LH-0600.5000

  Mobility Aids

  LH-0600.5000
  
  Programs that pay for or provide equipment or other products which enhance the ability of people who have physical or visual impairments to move about with greater comfort and ease.
• Neurological Impairments (30)
  YF-1800.6000

  Neurological Impairments

  YF-1800.6000
  
  Any of a variety of conditions that are the result of an injury to or impairment of the central nervous system.
• Occupational Therapy (40)
  LR-6200

  Occupational Therapy

  LR-6200
  
  Programs that evaluate the task performance skills of individuals who may be having difficulty engaging in self-care, work, play or leisure time activities and help people across the lifespan participate in the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday activities (occupations). Occupational therapy services typically include an individualized evaluation, during which the individual/family and occupational therapist agree on the person's goals; customized intervention to improve the person's ability to perform daily activities and reach their goals; and an outcomes evaluation to ensure that the goals are being met. Common occupational therapy interventions include helping children with disabilities to participate fully in school and social situations, helping people recovering from injury to regain skills, and providing supports for older adults experiencing physical and cognitive changes.
• Older Adult/Disability Related Supportive Housing (62)
  BH-8400.6000

  Older Adult/Disability Related Supportive Housing

  BH-8400.6000
  
  Residential facilities for older adults and/or people with disabilities who are unable to function in an independent living environment because they need assistance with toileting, bathing, dressing, medication management and administration, meals and housekeeping and other activities of daily living, but do not require nursing care on a regular basis. Living options range from state institutions for individuals with the most severe disabilities who require intensive services to settings that enable individuals with disabilities to live with their own families or in their own homes or apartments with supportive services from community-based supported living providers. Alternatives in between include health care facilities for people with a primary need for developmental services in combination with an intermittent need for skilled nursing care; community care facilities (residential care homes or group homes) for people who require varying levels of supervision and assistance in the activities of daily living; assisted living facilities; continuing care retirement communities; life care communities; foster family placements for adults who will benefit from interaction in a family environment; and semi-independent living facilities for individuals with disabilities who need minimal levels of support to live and work in the community. Some of these facilities are licensed by the state.
• Orientation and Mobility Training (4)
  LR-6400

  Orientation and Mobility Training

  LR-6400
  
  Programs that help people who are blind or who have visual impairments develop the fundamental spatial concepts and skills that are necessary for maximum mobility and independent living. Instruction focuses on moving safely and purposefully in the school, home or community environment; and usually includes procedures for street crossings, travel in unfamiliar areas, utilization of public transportation, and appropriate use of aids such as sighted guides or canes. Training for persons who want to acquire the skills to be a sighted guide may also be provided.
• Out of Home Respite Care (12)
  PH-7000.6000

  Out of Home Respite Care

  PH-7000.6000
  
  Programs that provide a brief period of rest or relief for family members, guardians or others who are regular caregivers for children and/or dependent adults by offering temporary or intermittent care for the individual(s) in a community setting/facility.
• PECS (1)
  LR-0450.6500

  PECS

  LR-0450.6500
  
  Programs that offer PECS (Picture Exchange Communication Systems), an augmented communication program which teaches children and adults with autism spectrum disorders who do not talk to communicate using pictures. It uses ABA-based methods to teach program participants to exchange a picture for something they want, either an item or activity. The individual hands a person a picture, and his or her request is immediately understood. It may also help the person respond to requests by accepting pictures. The pictures can be used to help participants learn attributes such as colors and numbers, or how to form sentences.
• Personal Care (18)
  PH-3300.6500

  Personal Care

  PH-3300.6500
  
  Programs that offer the services of paraprofessional aides who provide assistance with personal hygiene (bathing, grooming and mouth care), clothing care, ambulation, seating, toileting, housekeeping (changing bed linens or other chores that are essential to the individual's health and comfort), food preparation and nutritional and environmental support for recently discharged hospital patients, elderly people and people with disabilities in their own homes or other settings. Personal care may also include supervision which involves cueing, reminding, prompting or directing daily activities, as needed, but does not include medical services.
• Pivotal Response Treatment (1)
  LR-0450.6520

  Pivotal Response Treatment

  LR-0450.6520
  
  Programs that offer Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), a naturalistic intervention model for children with autism spectrum disorders that targets pivotal areas of the child’s development such as motivation, responsiveness to multiple cues, self-management and social initiations in order to achieve collateral improvements in other social, communicative and behavioral areas. The underlying motivational strategies of PRT are incorporated as often as possible and include child choice, task variation, interspersing maintenance tasks, rewarding attempts and the use of direct and natural reinforcers (e.g., giving the child a stuffed animal when the child requests the stuffed animal). PRT is used to teach language; decrease disruptive/self-stimulating behaviors; and increase social, communication and academic skills.
• Prosthetics/Orthotics/Seating (6)
  LH-0600.6500

  Prosthetics/Orthotics/Seating

  LH-0600.6500
  
  Programs that pay for or provide internal devices (such as hip and knee implants) to provide stability to correct problems that currently exist there; external appliances (such as braces or splints) that improve the functioning of individuals with muscle, joint or skeletal weaknesses, deformities or injuries; products that provide mobility impaired individuals with greater body stability, trunk/head support, the ability to maintain an upright posture and reduction in pressure to the skin while seated; and/or artificial limbs or other mechanisms which replace missing extremities or other parts of the body.
• Protection and Advocacy for Individuals With Disabilities (3)
  FT-1000.6600

  Protection and Advocacy for Individuals With Disabilities

  FT-1000.6600
  
  Programs that provide assistance for individuals with disabilities who are having difficulty understanding and/or obtaining the full benefits and services to which they are entitled by law. Included are federally mandated programs that are part of the formal protection and advocacy system which includes Protection and Advocacy for Persons with Developmental Disabilities (PADD), Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness (PAIMI), Protection and Advocacy for Individual Rights (PAIR) and the Client Assistance Program (CAP); and independent organizations that provide the same types of services. Protection and advocacy programs provide legal representation and other advocacy services, under federal and state laws, for all people with disabilities and endeavor to ensure full access to inclusive educational programs, financial entitlements, health care, accessible housing and productive employment opportunities. The programs maintain a presence in facilities that care for people with disabilities where they monitor, investigate and attempt to remedy adverse conditions. CAP agencies (many of which are housed within protection and advocacy offices) provide information and assistance for individuals seeking or receiving vocational rehabilitation services under the Rehabilitation Act, including assistance in pursuing administrative, legal and other appropriate remedies.
• Reading Services for People With Disabilities (1)
  TJ-6750

  Reading Services for People With Disabilities

  TJ-6750
  
  Programs that provide people with visual impairments or other disabilities that limit their ability to read print material with access to recorded tapes, readings from current popular publications or a volunteer who reads for them. Included are radio reading services which offer programming that features highlights from national newspapers, articles from periodicals, or novels and other special interest reading material; telephone reading services which provide access to prerecorded material via touch-tone telephone; and programs that arrange for a call or visit by a volunteer reader.
• Recreational Aids (6)
  LH-0600.7000

  Recreational Aids

  LH-0600.7000
  
  Programs that pay for or provide equipment or other products which have been modified to enhance the manner in which people with disabilities can take part in the leisure time pursuits of their choice. Included are modified dog leashes, craft making items, sewing accessories, games, puzzles, cards, video equipment, sports equipment, cycling equipment, toys and other similar products.
• Relationship Development Intervention (1)
  LR-0450.7000

  Relationship Development Intervention

  LR-0450.7000
  
  Programs that offer RDI, a trademarked, proprietary, parent-based clinical treatment program that focuses on the social problems at the heart of autism such as friendship skills, empathy and the desire to share personal experiences with others. The program's core philosophy is that individuals with autism can participate in authentic emotional relationships if they are exposed to them in a gradual, systematic way. RDI seeks to cultivate the building blocks of social connection – such as referencing, emotion sharing, coregulation and experience sharing – that normally develop in infancy and early childhood. It is a family-based program in which trained consultants support families to alter their interaction and communication styles. There is a period of parent education, followed by an assessment of both the child and the child-parent relationship. After that, consultants support the family through a set of specific objectives to build a "guided participation" relationship between parents and child that will allow the child to once again become a "cognitive apprentice" to the parents. Once the cognitive apprenticeship is in place, the family can move on to specific cognitive remediation objectives for the child. These are developmentally staged objectives designed to restore optimal neural connectivity through a series of "discoveries" and "elaborations".
• Service Animals (6)
  LR-7950

  Service Animals

  LR-7950
  
  Programs that provide and train recipients in the use of animals who have been taught to help individuals who have disabilities increase their mobility and independence and/or maximize their ability to communicate effectively.
• Social Security Disability Insurance (19)
  NS-1800.8000

  Social Security Disability Insurance

  NS-1800.8000
  
  A federal program administered by the Social Security Administration that provides monthly cash benefits for disabled workers who are fully insured under the program, who are not capable of substantial gainful work and who have completed a five month waiting period.
• Social Stories (1)
  LR-0450.8100

  Social Stories

  LR-0450.8100
  
  Programs that offer Social Stories, a tool for teaching social skills to children with autism spectrum disorders developed by Carol Gray in 1991. Through a story developed about a particular situation or event, the child is provided with as much information as possible to help him or her understand the expected or appropriate response. The stories typically have three sentence types: descriptive sentences addressing the where, who, what and why of the situation; perspective sentences that provide some understanding of the thoughts and emotions of others; and directive sentences that suggest a response. The stories can be developed by anyone, are specific to the child's needs, and are written in the first person, present tense. They frequently incorporate the use of pictures, photographs or music.
• Speech Aids (1)
  LH-0600.8200

  Speech Aids

  LH-0600.8200
  
  Programs that pay for or provide equipment or other products which enhance the ability of people who are nonvocal or have speech impairments to communicate.
• Speech Therapy (41)
  LR-8000.8000-820

  Speech Therapy

  LR-8000.8000-820
  
  Programs that offer individual or group therapy sessions which focus on the remediation of specific articulation problems in which speech sounds are omitted, replaced by substitute sounds or distorted; voice problems in which pitch, loudness or quality of voice is affected; or stuttering.
• State Disability Insurance (3)
  NS-1800.8100

  State Disability Insurance

  NS-1800.8100
  
  A state disability program administered by the Employment Development Department that provides weekly financial benefits for covered employees who cannot work due to a medically certified illness or injury and who are not covered under Worker's Compensation.
• Supported Living Services for Adults With Disabilities (5)
  PH-3300.8030

  Supported Living Services for Adults With Disabilities

  PH-3300.8030
  
  Programs for adults with developmental disabilities, sensory impairments, physical disabilities, emotional problems or multiple disabilities who do not require 24-hour supervision that provide a highly individualized, coordinated system of services and supports which facilitates their ability to live in their own homes or apartments, to hire and supervise paid caregivers, to work in the community, to participate in community activities and to interact with nondisabled neighbors. A supported living agency may help the individual hire and supervise an attendant; develop a budget and pay bills on time; learn to shop and cook or hire someone to prepare meals for them; remember to take necessary medication; schedule medical appointments and get to the doctor's office; advertise for and select a roommate; make their living space barrier-free; learn about relationships, sexuality and parenting; select recreational pursuits that are personally satisfying; and accomplish other similar activities of daily living.
• TEACCH (1)
  LR-0450.8500

  TEACCH

  LR-0450.8500
  
  Programs that offer TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children), a structured teaching approach developed by the University of North Carolina that is based on the idea that the environment should be adapted to the individual with autism spectrum disorders, not the individual to the environment. It uses no one specific technique but rather is a program based around the person's functioning level. The individual's learning abilities are assessed through the Psycho Educational Profile (PEP) and teaching strategies are designed to improve communication, social and coping skills. In addition to teaching a specific skill or behavior, the TEACCH approach aims to provide the individual with the skills to understand his or her world and other people's behaviors.
• Therapeutic Exercise (5)
  LR-8400

  Therapeutic Exercise

  LR-8400
  
  Rehabilitation oriented fitness programs that develop individualized exercise routines and other fitness activities for people with acute or chronic health conditions such as arthritis, congestive heart failure, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, physical disabilities or other problems which affect their physical functioning with the objective of mitigating the effects of their condition; improving muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular health; losing weight, if desirable; and reducing the risk of health problems such as heart disease, high blood pressure, osteoporosis and depression. Included are gym and home based therapeutic exercise programs and aquatic therapy.
• Travel Training for Older Adults/People With Disabilities (1)
  LR-8500

  Travel Training for Older Adults/People With Disabilities

  LR-8500
  
  Programs that provide comprehensive, intensive instruction that is designed to teach older adults and/or individuals with disabilities how to travel independently and safely using accessible public transportation. Skills include crossing streets safely with and without traffic signals, boarding the correct bus or subway, recognizing and disembarking at the correct destination, following directions, recognizing and avoiding dangerous situations and obstacles, dealing appropriately with strangers, handling unexpected situations such as re-routed buses or subways or getting lost, maintaining appropriate behavior, using specialized equipment and/or devices, and recognizing the need for assistance and requesting help from appropriate sources.
• Workers With Disabilities (3)
  YL-3500.9500

  Workers With Disabilities

  YL-3500.9500
  
  Employed individuals who have physical, sensory, developmental, cognitive, mental or emotional limitations.